Spectral Theory of Infinite Dimensional Dissipative Hamiltonian Systems
Authors
Christian Mehl, Volker Mehrmann, Michał Wojtylak
Abstract
The spectral theory for operator pencils and operator differential-algebraic equations is studied. Special focus is laid on singular operator pencils and three different concepts of singularity of operator pencils are introduced. The concepts are analyzed in detail and examples are presented that illustrate the subtle differences. It is investigated how these concepts are related to uniqueness of the underlying algebraic-differential operator equation, showing that, in general, classical results known from the finite dimensional case of matrix pencils and differential-algebraic equations do not prevail. The results are then studied in the setting of structured operator pencils arising in dissipative differential-algebraic equations. Here, unlike to the general infinite-dimensional case, the uniqueness of solutions to dissipative differential-algebraic operator equations is closely related to the singularity of the pencil.
Keywords
37l05, 37l20, 47d06, 93b28, 93c05, dissipative hamiltonian equation, operator differential-algebraic equation, regular operator pencil, singular operator pencil
Citation
- Journal: Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations
- Year: 2026
- Volume: 38
- Issue: 2
- Pages: 551–577
- Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
- DOI: 10.1007/s10884-025-10420-y
BibTeX
@article{Mehl_2025,
title={{Spectral Theory of Infinite Dimensional Dissipative Hamiltonian Systems}},
volume={38},
ISSN={1572-9222},
DOI={10.1007/s10884-025-10420-y},
number={2},
journal={Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations},
publisher={Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
author={Mehl, Christian and Mehrmann, Volker and Wojtylak, Michał},
year={2025},
pages={551--577}
}References
- Achleitner F, Arnold A, Mehrmann V (2021) Hypocoercivity and controllability in linear semi‐dissipative Hamiltonian ordinary differential equations and differential‐algebraic equations. Z Angew Math Mech 103(7). https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.20210017 – 10.1002/zamm.202100171
- Altmann R, Mehrmann V, Unger B (2021) Port-Hamiltonian formulations of poroelastic network models. Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 27(1):429–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/13873954.2021.197513 – 10.1080/13873954.2021.1975137
- Altmann R, Schulze P (2017) A port-Hamiltonian formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations for reactive flows. Systems & Control Letters 100:51–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2016.12.00 – 10.1016/j.sysconle.2016.12.005
- Aoues S, Cardoso-Ribeiro FL, Matignon D, Alazard D (2019) Modeling and Control of a Rotating Flexible Spacecraft: A Port-Hamiltonian Approach. IEEE Trans Contr Syst Technol 27(1):355–362. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2017.277124 – 10.1109/tcst.2017.2771244
- Baaiu A, Couenne F, Eberard D, Jallut C, Lefevre L, Legorrec Y, Maschke B (2009) Port-based modelling of mass transport phenomena. Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 15(3):233–254. https://doi.org/10.1080/1387395090280857 – 10.1080/13873950902808578
- Bansal H, Schulze P, Abbasi MH, Zwart H, Iapichino L, Schilders WHA, Wouw N van de (2021) Port-Hamiltonian formulation of two-phase flow models. Systems & Control Letters 149:104881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2021.10488 – 10.1016/j.sysconle.2021.104881
- Batchelor GK (2000) An Introduction to Fluid Dynamic – 10.1017/cbo9780511800955
- Berger T, de Snoo H, Trunk C, Winkler H (2024) A Jordan-like decomposition for linear relations in finite-dimensional spaces. Trans Amer Math Soc 377(12):8659–8693. https://doi.org/10.1090/tran/921 – 10.1090/tran/9213
- Berger T, Trunk C, Winkler H (2016) Linear relations and the Kronecker canonical form. Linear Algebra and its Applications 488:13–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2015.09.03 – 10.1016/j.laa.2015.09.033
- Biot MA (1941) General Theory of Three-Dimensional Consolidation. Journal of Applied Physics 12(2):155–164. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.171288 – 10.1063/1.1712886
- Boffi D, Brezzi F, Fortin M (2013) Mixed Finite Element Methods and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelber – 10.1007/978-3-642-36519-5
- Bögli S (2018) Local convergence of spectra and pseudospectra. J Spectr Theory 8(3):1051–1098. https://doi.org/10.4171/jst/22 – 10.4171/jst/222
- Bögli S, Marletta M (2019) Essential numerical ranges for linear operator pencils. IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis 40(4):2256–2308. https://doi.org/10.1093/imanum/drz04 – 10.1093/imanum/drz049
- Byers R, He C, Mehrmann V (1998) Where is the nearest non-regular pencil? Linear Algebra and its Applications 285(1–3):81–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3795(98)10122- – 10.1016/s0024-3795(98)10122-2
- Campbell SL, Marszalek W (1999) The Index of an Infinite Dimensional Implicit System. Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 5(1):18–42. https://doi.org/10.1076/mcmd.5.1.18.362 – 10.1076/mcmd.5.1.18.3625
- Campbell SL, Marszalek W (1997) DAEs arising from traveling wave solutions of PDEs. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 82(1–2):41–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0427(97)00084- – 10.1016/s0377-0427(97)00084-8
- Cardoso-Ribeiro FL, Matignon D, Pommier-Budinger V (2017) A port-Hamiltonian model of liquid sloshing in moving containers and application to a fluid-structure system. Journal of Fluids and Structures 69:402–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2016.12.00 – 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2016.12.007
- Ciarlet PG (2002) The Finite Element Method for Elliptic Problem – 10.1137/1.9780898719208
- Egger H, Kugler T (2017) Damped wave systems on networks: exponential stability and uniform approximations. Numer Math 138(4):839–867. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00211-017-0924- – 10.1007/s00211-017-0924-4
- Emmrich E, Mehrmann V (2013) Operator Differential-Algebraic Equations Arising in Fluid Dynamics. Computational Methods in Applied Mathematics 13(4):443–470. https://doi.org/10.1515/cmam-2013-001 – 10.1515/cmam-2013-0018
- Erbay M, Jacob B, Morris K, Reis T, Tischendorf C (2024) Index Concepts for Linear Differential-Algebraic Equations in Infinite Dimensions. DAE Panel 2. https://doi.org/10.52825/dae-p.v2i.251 – 10.52825/dae-p.v2i.2514
- LC Evans, Partial differential equations (2022)
- FR Gantmacher, Theory of matrices (1959)
- Gernandt H, Haller FE, Reis T (2021) A Linear Relation Approach to Port-Hamiltonian Differential-Algebraic Equations. SIAM J Matrix Anal Appl 42(2):1011–1044. https://doi.org/10.1137/20m137116 – 10.1137/20m1371166
- H Gernandt, Syphax J. Math.: Nonlinear Anal., Operator Syst. (2021)
- Jacob B, Morris K (2022) On Solvability of Dissipative Partial Differential-Algebraic Equations. IEEE Control Syst Lett 6:3188–3193. https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2022.318347 – 10.1109/lcsys.2022.3183479
- Jacob B, Zwart HJ (2012) Linear Port-Hamiltonian Systems on Infinite-dimensional Spaces. Springer Base – 10.1007/978-3-0348-0399-1
- Koval V, Pagacz P (2024) On singular pencils with commuting coefficients. Linear and Multilinear Algebra 73(8):1591–1610. https://doi.org/10.1080/03081087.2024.243540 – 10.1080/03081087.2024.2435409
- Kubrusly CS (2012) Spectral Theory of Operators on Hilbert Spaces. Birkhäuser Bosto – 10.1007/978-0-8176-8328-3
- Kunkel P, Mehrmann V (2006) Differential-Algebraic Equations. EMS Textbooks in Mathematic – 10.4171/017
- Kurula M, Zwart H, van der Schaft A, Behrndt J (2010) Dirac structures and their composition on Hilbert spaces. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 372(2):402–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2010.07.00 – 10.1016/j.jmaa.2010.07.004
- Laurén F, Nordström J (2021) Spectral properties of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Journal of Computational Physics 429:110019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2020.11001 – 10.1016/j.jcp.2020.110019
- Le Gorrec Y, Zwart H, Maschke B (2005) Dirac structures and Boundary Control Systems associated with Skew-Symmetric Differential Operators. SIAM J Control Optim 44(5):1864–1892. https://doi.org/10.1137/04061167 – 10.1137/040611677
- Lucht W, Strehmel K, Eichler-Liebenow C (1999) Indexes and Special Discretization Methods for Linear partial Differential Algebraic Equations. BIT Numerical Mathematics 39(3):484–512. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:102237070324 – 10.1023/a:1022370703243
- A Macchelli, Modeling and control of complex physical systems–the port-Hamiltonian approach (2009)
- Macchelli A, Melchiorri C, Bassi L Port-based Modelling and Control of the Mindlin Plate. Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control 5989–599 – 10.1109/cdc.2005.1583120
- Macchelli A, van der Schaft AJ, Melchiorri C (2004) Port Hamiltonian formulation of infinite dimensional systems I. Modeling. 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601) 3762-3767 Vol. – 10.1109/cdc.2004.1429324
- Macchelli A, van der Schaft AJ, Melchiorri C (2004) Port Hamiltonian formulation of infinite dimensional systems II. Boundary control by interconnection. 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601) 3768-3773 Vol. – 10.1109/cdc.2004.1429325
- Matignon D, Hélie T (2013) A class of damping models preserving eigenspaces for linear conservative port-Hamiltonian systems. European Journal of Control 19(6):486–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcon.2013.10.00 – 10.1016/j.ejcon.2013.10.003
- Mehl C, Mehrmann V, Wojtylak M (2018) Linear Algebra Properties of Dissipative Hamiltonian Descriptor Systems. SIAM J Matrix Anal & Appl 39(3):1489–1519. https://doi.org/10.1137/18m116427 – 10.1137/18m1164275
- Mehl C, Mehrmann V, Wojtylak M (2021) Distance problems for dissipative Hamiltonian systems and related matrix polynomials. Linear Algebra and its Applications 623:335–366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2020.05.02 – 10.1016/j.laa.2020.05.026
- Mehrmann V, Unger B (2023) Control of port-Hamiltonian differential-algebraic systems and applications. Acta Numerica 32:395–515. https://doi.org/10.1017/s096249292200008 – 10.1017/s0962492922000083
- Zwart H, Mehrmann V (2024) Abstract Dissipative Hamiltonian Differential-Algebraic Equations Are Everywhere. DAE Panel 2. https://doi.org/10.52825/dae-p.v2i.95 – 10.52825/dae-p.v2i.957
- Öttinger HC, Grmela M (1997) Dynamics and thermodynamics of complex fluids. II. Illustrations of a general formalism. Phys Rev E 56(6):6633–6655. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.56.663 – 10.1103/physreve.56.6633
- Puche M, Reis T, Schwenninger FL (2018) Constant-coefficient differential-algebraic operators and the Kronecker form. Linear Algebra and its Applications 552:29–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.laa.2018.04.00 – 10.1016/j.laa.2018.04.005
- Reis T (2008) Circuit synthesis of passive descriptor systems—a modified nodal approach. Circuit Theory & Apps 38(1):44–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/cta.53 – 10.1002/cta.532
- Reis T, Schaller M (2024) Port-Hamiltonian Formulation of Oseen Flows. Trends in Mathematics 123–14 – 10.1007/978-3-031-64991-2_5
- W Rudin, Real and complex analysis (1987)
- Showalter RE (2000) Diffusion in Poro-Elastic Media. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 251(1):310–340. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmaa.2000.704 – 10.1006/jmaa.2000.7048
- Sohr H (2001) The Navier-Stokes Equations. Birkhäuser Base – 10.1007/978-3-0348-8255-2
- Trostorff S (2020) Semigroups Associated with Differential-Algebraic Equations. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics 79–9 – 10.1007/978-3-030-46079-2_5
- van der Schaft AJ, Maschke BM (2002) Hamiltonian formulation of distributed-parameter systems with boundary energy flow. Journal of Geometry and Physics 42(1–2):166–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0393-0440(01)00083- – 10.1016/s0393-0440(01)00083-3
- J Weidmann, Linear operators in Hilbert spaces (2012)