Authors

Felix Strehle, Jonathan Vieth, Martin Pfeifer, Sören Hohmann

Abstract

In this paper, we analyze the stability of hydraulic, i.e. pressure and flow, equilibria in 4th generation district heating networks (DHNs). We consider the hydraulic behavior of a general class of DHNs with an arbitrary number of distributed heat generation units (DGUs) and end-users connected through a network of pipes. For each subsystem, we first derive a model in form of an explicit port-Hamiltonian system with nonlinear resistive structure. Based on these models and with methods from equilibrium-independent passivity (EIP), we prove the stability of the DHN’s hydraulic equilibria. From our results, we deduce requirements for a plug-and-play control of DHNs and draw conclusions for future work.

Keywords

port-Hamiltonian systems; district heating systems; stability analysis; asymptotic stability; pressure control; decentralized control design

Citation

  • Journal: IFAC-PapersOnLine
  • Year: 2021
  • Volume: 54
  • Issue: 19
  • Pages: 261–266
  • Publisher: Elsevier BV
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.11.088
  • Note: 7th IFAC Workshop on Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Methods for Nonlinear Control LHMNC 2021- Berlin, Germany, 11-13 October 2021

BibTeX

@article{Strehle_2021,
  title={{Passivity-Based Stability Analysis of Hydraulic Equilibria in 4th Generation District Heating Networks}},
  volume={54},
  ISSN={2405-8963},
  DOI={10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.11.088},
  number={19},
  journal={IFAC-PapersOnLine},
  publisher={Elsevier BV},
  author={Strehle, Felix and Vieth, Jonathan and Pfeifer, Martin and Hohmann, Sören},
  year={2021},
  pages={261--266}
}

Download the bib file

References

  • Arcak, (2016)
  • Boysen, H. and Thorsen, J.E. (2003). How to avoid pressure oscillations in district heating systems. Danfoss A/S.
  • Brand L, Calvén A, Englund J, Landersjö H, Lauenburg P (2014) Smart district heating networks – A simulation study of prosumers’ impact on technical parameters in distribution networks. Applied Energy 129:39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.079 – 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.04.079
  • Chertkov M, Novitsky NN (2019) Thermal Transients in District Heating Systems. Energy 184:22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.049 – 10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.049
  • De Persis C, Jensen TN, Ortega R, Wisniewski R (2014) Output Regulation of Large-Scale Hydraulic Networks. IEEE Trans Contr Syst Technol 22(1):238–245. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2012.2233477 – 10.1109/tcst.2012.2233477
  • De Persis C, Kallesoe CS (2009) Pressure regulation in nonlinear hydraulic networks by positive controls. In: 2009 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, pp 4102–4107 – 10.23919/ecc.2009.7075043
  • De Persis C, Kallesoe CS (2011) Pressure Regulation in Nonlinear Hydraulic Networks by Positive and Quantized Controls. IEEE Trans Contr Syst Technol 19(6):1371–1383. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2010.2094619 – 10.1109/tcst.2010.2094619
  • Guerrero JM, Chandorkar M, Lee T-L, Loh PC (2013) Advanced Control Architectures for Intelligent Microgrids—Part I: Decentralized and Hierarchical Control. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 60(4):1254–1262. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2012.2194969 – 10.1109/tie.2012.2194969
  • Hassine IB, Eicker U (2014) Control Aspects of Decentralized Solar Thermal Integration into District Heating Networks. Energy Procedia 48:1055–1064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.120 – 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.120
  • Hauschild, Port-Hamiltonian Modeling of District Heating Networks. (2020)
  • Hertle, H., Pehnt, M., Gugel, B., Dingeldey, M., and Müller, K. (2015). Wärmewende in Kommunen: Leit-faden für den klimafreundlichen Umbau der Wärmev-ersorgung (German) [Heat transition in municipalities: Guideline for a climate friendly change of heat supply], volume 41 of Schriften zur Ökologie. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Berlin, 3 edition.
  • Heymann M, Rühling K, Felsmann C (2017) Integration of Solar Thermal Systems into District Heating – DH System Simulation. Energy Procedia 116:394–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.086 – 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.086
  • Jensen, T.N. (2012). Plug and play control of hydraulic networks. Ph.D. thesis, Aalborg University, Aalborg.
  • Lamaison N, Bavière R, Cheze D, Paulus C (2017) A Multi-Criteria Analysis of Bidirectional Solar District Heating Substation Architecture. In: Proceedings of SWC2017/SHC2017. International Solar Energy Society, Freiburg, Germany, pp 1–11 – 10.18086/swc.2017.10.02
  • Lennermo, G., Lauenburg, P., and Brand, L. (2014). Decentralised heat supply in district heating systems: Implications of varying differential pressure. In Proceedings from the 14th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling. Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Lennermo G, Lauenburg P, Werner S (2019) Control of decentralised solar district heating. Solar Energy 179:307–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2018.12.080 – 10.1016/j.solener.2018.12.080
  • Lund H, Werner S, Wiltshire R, Svendsen S, Thorsen JE, Hvelplund F, Mathiesen BV (2014) 4th Generation District Heating (4GDH). Energy 68:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.089 – 10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.089
  • Machado, J.E., Cucuzzella, M., Pronk, N., and Scherpen, J.M.A. (2021). Adaptive control for flow and volume regulation in multi-producer district heating systems. Arxiv, abs/2103.06568.
  • Machado, J.E., Cucuzzella, M., and Scherpen, J. (2020). Modeling and passivity properties of district heating systems. Arxiv, abs/2011.05419.
  • Novitsky NN, Shalaginova ZI, Alekseev AA, Tokarev VV, Grebneva OA, Lutsenko AV, Vanteeva OV, Mikhailovsky EA, Pop R, Vorobev P, Chertkov M (2020) Smarter Smart District Heating. Proc IEEE 108(9):1596–1611. https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2020.2990490 – 10.1109/jproc.2020.2990490
  • Nussbaumer, T., Thalmann, S., Jenni, A., and Ködel, J. (2018). Planungshandbuch Fernwärme (German) [Planning handbook district heating]. QM Fernwärme and EnergieSchweiz.
  • Pan Z, Guo Q, Sun H (2016) Interactions of district electricity and heating systems considering time-scale characteristics based on quasi-steady multi-energy flow. Applied Energy 167:230–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.095 – 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.095
  • Scholten T, Trip◊ S, De Persis C (2017) Pressure Regulation in Large Scale Hydraulic Networks with Input Constraints. IFAC-PapersOnLine 50(1):5367–5372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1068 – 10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1068
  • Stræde, B. (1995). Pressure oscillation in district heating installations. Danfoss A/S.
  • Strehle, F., Nahata, P., Malan, A.J., Hohmann, S., and Ferrari-Trecate, G. (2021). A unified passivity-based framework for control of modular islanded ac microgrids. Arxiv, abs/2104.02637.
  • Trip S, Scholten T, Persis CD (2019) Optimal regulation of flow networks with transient constraints. Automatica 104:141–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2019.02.046 – 10.1016/j.automatica.2019.02.046
  • van der Schaft A, Jeltsema D (2014) Port-Hamiltonian Systems Theory: An Introductory Overview. Foundations and Trends® in Systems and Control 1(2-3):173–378. https://doi.org/10.1561/2600000002 – 10.1561/2600000002
  • van der Schaft, (2017)
  • Vandermeulen A, van der Heijde B, Helsen L (2018) Controlling district heating and cooling networks to unlock flexibility: A review. Energy 151:103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.034 – 10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.034