Authors

Thanh Hung Pham, Ionela Prodan, Denis Genon-Catalot, Laurent Lefèvre

Abstract

This paper considers a discrete-time scheduling method for the power balancing of a continuous-time DC microgrid system. A high-order dynamics and a resistor network are used for modelling the electrical storage unit and the DC bus of the centralized microgrid system, respectively. A PH (Port-Hamiltonian) formulation on graphs is employed to explicitly describe the microgrid topology. This modelling approach allows us to derive a discrete-time model which preserves the power and energy balance of the physical system. Next, a constrained economic MPC (Model Predictive Control) using the proposed control model is formulated for efficiently managing the microgrid operation. The systematic combination of the network modelling method and optimization-based control allows us to generate the appropriate power profiles. Finally, the benefits of the proposed approach are validated through simulation and comparison results over a particular DC microgrid elevator system under different scenarios and using real numerical data.

Keywords

dc microgrid, model predictive control, port-hamiltonian systems on graphs

Citation

  • Journal: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
  • Year: 2020
  • Volume: 118
  • Issue:
  • Pages: 105753
  • Publisher: Elsevier BV
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105753

BibTeX

@article{Pham_2020,
  title={{Economic constrained optimization for power balancing in a DC microgrid: A multi-source elevator system application}},
  volume={118},
  ISSN={0142-0615},
  DOI={10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105753},
  journal={International Journal of Electrical Power \& Energy Systems},
  publisher={Elsevier BV},
  author={Pham, Thanh Hung and Prodan, Ionela and Genon-Catalot, Denis and Lefèvre, Laurent},
  year={2020},
  pages={105753}
}

Download the bib file

References

  • Yin C, Wu H, Locment F, Sechilariu M (2017) Energy management of DC microgrid based on photovoltaic combined with diesel generator and supercapacitor. Energy Conversion and Management 132:14–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.11.01 – 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.11.018
  • Barreiro-Gomez J, Ocampo-Martinez C, Bianchi FD, Quijano N (2019) Data-Driven Decentralized Algorithm for Wind Farm Control with Population-Games Assistance. Energies 12(6):1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/en1206116 – 10.3390/en12061164
  • Siniscalchi-Minna S, Bianchi FD, De-Prada-Gil M, Ocampo-Martinez C (2019) A wind farm control strategy for power reserve maximization. Renewable Energy 131:37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.06.11 – 10.1016/j.renene.2018.06.112
  • Conejo AJ, Sioshansi R (2018) Rethinking restructured electricity market design: Lessons learned and future needs. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 98:520–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.12.01 – 10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.12.014
  • Iovine A, Rigaut T, Damm G, De Santis E, Di Benedetto MD (2019) Power management for a DC MicroGrid integrating renewables and storages. Control Engineering Practice 85:59–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2019.01.00 – 10.1016/j.conengprac.2019.01.009
  • Kou P, Liang D, Gao L (2017) Distributed Coordination of Multiple PMSGs in an Islanded DC Microgrid for Load Sharing. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 32(2):471–485. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2017.264952 – 10.1109/tec.2017.2649526
  • Kou P, Liang D, Wang J, Gao L (2018) Stable and Optimal Load Sharing of Multiple PMSGs in an Islanded DC Microgrid. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 33(1):260–271. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2017.275546 – 10.1109/tec.2017.2755461
  • Parisio A, Rikos E, Glielmo L (2016) Stochastic model predictive control for economic/environmental operation management of microgrids: An experimental case study. Journal of Process Control 43:24–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2016.04.00 – 10.1016/j.jprocont.2016.04.008
  • Touretzky CR, Baldea M (2016) A hierarchical scheduling and control strategy for thermal energy storage systems. Energy and Buildings 110:94–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.09.04 – 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.09.049
  • Trélat E (2012) Optimal Control and Applications to Aerospace: Some Results and Challenges. J Optim Theory Appl 154(3):713–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-012-0050- – 10.1007/s10957-012-0050-5
  • Siad SB, Malkawi A, Damm G, Lopes L, Dol LG (2019) Nonlinear control of a DC MicroGrid for the integration of distributed generation based on different time scales. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 111:93–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.03.07 – 10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.03.073
  • Alamir M, Rahmani MA, Gualino D (2014) Constrained control framework for a stand-alone hybrid (Stirling engine)/supercapacitor power generation system. Applied Energy 118:192–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.12.04 – 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.12.044
  • Lagorse J, Paire D, Miraoui A (2010) A multi-agent system for energy management of distributed power sources. Renewable Energy 35(1):174–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.02.02 – 10.1016/j.renene.2009.02.029
  • Sechilariu M, Wang BC, Locment F (2014) Supervision control for optimal energy cost management in DC microgrid: Design and simulation. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 58:140–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.01.01 – 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.01.018
  • Lifshitz D, Weiss G (2015) Optimal Control of a Capacitor-Type Energy Storage System. IEEE Trans Automat Contr 60(1):216–220. https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2014.232313 – 10.1109/tac.2014.2323136
  • Trigueiro dos Santos L, Sechilariu M, Locment F (2016) Optimized Load Shedding Approach for Grid-Connected DC Microgrid Systems under Realistic Constraints. Buildings 6(4):50. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings604005 – 10.3390/buildings6040050
  • Maciejowski, (2002)
  • Rawlings, (2009)
  • Grüne L (2013) Economic receding horizon control without terminal constraints. Automatica 49(3):725–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2012.12.00 – 10.1016/j.automatica.2012.12.003
  • Ellis, (2017)
  • Prodan I, Zio E, Stoican F (2015) Fault tolerant predictive control design for reliable microgrid energy management under uncertainties. Energy 91:20–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.08.00 – 10.1016/j.energy.2015.08.009
  • Lefort A, Bourdais R, Ansanay-Alex G, Guéguen H (2013) Hierarchical control method applied to energy management of a residential house. Energy and Buildings 64:53–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.04.01 – 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.04.010
  • van der Schaft A, Jeltsema D (2014) Port-Hamiltonian Systems Theory: An Introductory Overview. Foundations and Trends® in Systems and Control 1(2–3):173–378. https://doi.org/10.1561/26000000010.1561/2600000002
  • Pham, Power balancing in a DC microgrid elevator system through constrained optimization. (2017)
  • van der Schaft AJ, Maschke BM (2013) Port-Hamiltonian Systems on Graphs. SIAM J Control Optim 51(2):906–937. https://doi.org/10.1137/1108400910.1137/110840091
  • Manwell JF, McGowan JG (1993) Lead acid battery storage model for hybrid energy systems. Solar Energy 50(5):399–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(93)90060- – 10.1016/0038-092x(93)90060-2
  • Lifshitz, Optimal energy management for grid-connected storage systems. Opt Control: Appl Methods (2015)
  • Desdouits, Multisource elevator energy optimization and control. (2015)
  • Paire, A real-time sharing reference voltage for hybrid generation power system. (2010)
  • Zonetti D, Ortega R, Benchaib A (2015) Modeling and control of HVDC transmission systems from theory to practice and back. Control Engineering Practice 45:133–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2015.09.0110.1016/j.conengprac.2015.09.012
  • Zhao J, Dörfler F (2015) Distributed control and optimization in DC microgrids. Automatica 61:18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2015.07.01 – 10.1016/j.automatica.2015.07.015
  • Kotyczka, Discrete-Time Port-Hamiltonian Systems Based on Gauss-Legendre Collocation. (2018)
  • Duran MA, Grossmann IE (1986) An outer-approximation algorithm for a class of mixed-integer nonlinear programs. Mathematical Programming 36(3):307–339. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf0259206 – 10.1007/bf02592064
  • Prodan I, Stoican F, Olaru S, Niculescu S-I (2012) Enhancements on the Hyperplanes Arrangements in Mixed-Integer Programming Techniques. J Optim Theory Appl 154(2):549–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10957-012-0022- – 10.1007/s10957-012-0022-9
  • Biegler LT, Zavala VM (2009) Large-scale nonlinear programming using IPOPT: An integrating framework for enterprise-wide dynamic optimization. Computers & Chemical Engineering 33(3):575–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2008.08.00 – 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2008.08.006
  • Hovd, Handling state and output constraints in MPC using timedependent weights. (2001)
  • Christofides PD, Scattolini R, Muñoz de la Peña D, Liu J (2013) Distributed model predictive control: A tutorial review and future research directions. Computers & Chemical Engineering 51:21–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2012.05.01 – 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2012.05.011
  • Löfberg, YALMIP: A toolbox for modeling and optimization in MATLAB. (2004)
  • Wächter, (2002)
  • Büngeler J, Cattaneo E, Riegel B, Sauer DU (2018) Advantages in energy efficiency of flooded lead-acid batteries when using partial state of charge operation. Journal of Power Sources 375:53–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.11.05 – 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.11.050
  • Hairer, (2006)