Authors

Zhen Tian, Xilin Li, Xiaoming Zha, Yingjie Tang, Pengfei Sun, Meng Huang, Pan Yu

Abstract

Microgrid has been rapidly developed for the integration of distributed renewable energy, owing to their superiority of flexible operation and high reliability. Without frequency support from the main grid, the microgrid under islanded operating mode is more likely to lose stability in the presence of large-signal disturbances. However, previous studies mainly focus on weak grid conditions and ignore the interaction effects between different-type converters. Therefore, this article investigates the transient synchronization stability of an islanded ac microgrid considering dynamic interactions between grid-forming converter (GFMC) and grid-following converter (GFLC). First, a simplified nonlinear model of the islanded microgrid is established, which reveals the nonlinear interaction and damping impact on system stability. Based on the passivity principle and LaSalle ’ s theorem, an explicit stability criterion is formulated to reveal the instability mechanism. With the proposed stability criterion, the impacts of different system parameters are analyzed, which points out the direction of parameter optimization to enhance stability. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulations and experiments are carried out.

Citation

  • Journal: IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics
  • Year: 2023
  • Volume: 11
  • Issue: 4
  • Pages: 4463–4476
  • Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • DOI: 10.1109/jestpe.2023.3271418

BibTeX

@article{Tian_2023,
  title={{Transient Synchronization Stability of an Islanded AC Microgrid Considering Interactions Between Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Converters}},
  volume={11},
  ISSN={2168-6785},
  DOI={10.1109/jestpe.2023.3271418},
  number={4},
  journal={IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics},
  publisher={Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)},
  author={Tian, Zhen and Li, Xilin and Zha, Xiaoming and Tang, Yingjie and Sun, Pengfei and Huang, Meng and Yu, Pan},
  year={2023},
  pages={4463--4476}
}

Download the bib file

References

  • Taul, M. G., Wang, X., Davari, P. & Blaabjerg, F. An Overview of Assessment Methods for Synchronization Stability of Grid-Connected Converters Under Severe Symmetrical Grid Faults. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics vol. 34 9655–9670 (2019) – 10.1109/tpel.2019.2892142
  • Yang, C., Huang, L., Xin, H. & Ju, P. Placing Grid-Forming Converters to Enhance Small Signal Stability of PLL-Integrated Power Systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems vol. 36 3563–3573 (2021) – 10.1109/tpwrs.2020.3042741
  • Zhang, Y., Xie, L. & Ding, Q. Interactive Control of Coupled Microgrids for Guaranteed System-Wide Small Signal Stability. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid vol. 7 1088–1096 (2016) – 10.1109/tsg.2015.2495233
  • Zhao, J., Huang, M., Yan, H., Tse, C. K. & Zha, X. Nonlinear and Transient Stability Analysis of Phase-Locked Loops in Grid-Connected Converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics vol. 36 1018–1029 (2021) – 10.1109/tpel.2020.3000516
  • Wu, C., Xiong, X., Taul, M. G. & Blaabjerg, F. Enhancing Transient Stability of PLL-Synchronized Converters by Introducing Voltage Normalization Control. IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems vol. 11 69–78 (2021) – 10.1109/jetcas.2020.3044356
  • Liu, T. & Wang, X. Transient Stability of Single-Loop Voltage-Magnitude Controlled Grid-Forming Converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics vol. 36 6158–6162 (2021) – 10.1109/tpel.2020.3034288
  • Zhou, Q. et al. Optimal Consensus-Based Distributed Control Strategy for Coordinated Operation of Networked Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems vol. 35 2452–2462 (2020) – 10.1109/tpwrs.2019.2954582
  • Kroposki, B. et al. Achieving a 100% Renewable Grid: Operating Electric Power Systems with Extremely High Levels of Variable Renewable Energy. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine vol. 15 61–73 (2017) – 10.1109/mpe.2016.2637122
  • Roos, M., Nguyen, P., Morren, J. & Slootweg, J. G. Direct-Quadrature Sequence Models for Energy-Function Based Transient Stability Analysis of Unbalanced Inverter-Based Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid vol. 12 3692–3704 (2021) – 10.1109/tsg.2021.3069188
  • Wu, H. & Wang, X. Design-Oriented Transient Stability Analysis of PLL-Synchronized Voltage-Source Converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics vol. 35 3573–3589 (2020) – 10.1109/tpel.2019.2937942
  • Hans, F., Schumacher, W., Chou, S.-F. & Wang, X. Passivation of Current-Controlled Grid-Connected VSCs Using Passivity Indices. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol. 66 8971–8980 (2019) – 10.1109/tie.2018.2883261
  • Cao, W., Ma, Y., Wang, F., Tolbert, L. M. & Xue, Y. Low-Frequency Stability Analysis of Inverter-Based Islanded Multiple-Bus AC Microgrids Based on Terminal Characteristics. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid vol. 11 3662–3676 (2020) – 10.1109/tsg.2020.2978250
  • Tian, Z. et al. Hamilton-Based Stability Criterion and Attraction Region Estimation for Grid-Tied Inverters Under Large-Signal Disturbances. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics vol. 10 413–423 (2022) – 10.1109/jestpe.2021.3076189
  • Tang, Y. et al. An Improved Equal Area Criterion for Transient Stability Analysis of Converter-Based Microgrid Considering Nonlinear Damping Effect. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics vol. 37 11272–11284 (2022) – 10.1109/tpel.2022.3164687
  • khalil, Noninear Systems (1996)
  • van der Schaft, A. & Jeltsema, D. Port-Hamiltonian Systems Theory: An Introductory Overview. Foundations and Trends® in Systems and Control vol. 1 173–378 (2014) – 10.1561/2600000002
  • Hu, Q., Fu, L., Ma, F. & Ji, F. Large Signal Synchronizing Instability of PLL-Based VSC Connected to Weak AC Grid. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems vol. 34 3220–3229 (2019) – 10.1109/tpwrs.2019.2892224
  • Kabalan, M., Singh, P. & Niebur, D. Large Signal Lyapunov-Based Stability Studies in Microgrids: A Review. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid vol. 8 2287–2295 (2017) – 10.1109/tsg.2016.2521652
  • Fu, X. et al. Large-Signal Stability of Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Controls in Voltage Source Converter: A Comparative Study. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics vol. 36 7832–7840 (2021) – 10.1109/tpel.2020.3047480
  • Gothner, F., Torres-Olguin, R. E., Roldan-Perez, J., Rygg, A. & Midtgard, O.-M. Apparent Impedance-Based Adaptive Controller for Improved Stability of a Droop-Controlled Microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics vol. 36 9465–9476 (2021) – 10.1109/tpel.2021.3050615
  • Khan, O., Acharya, S., Al Hosani, M. & El Moursi, M. S. Hill Climbing Power Flow Algorithm for Hybrid DC/AC Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics vol. 33 5532–5537 (2018) – 10.1109/tpel.2017.2779238
  • Farrokhabadi, M. et al. Microgrid Stability Definitions, Analysis, and Examples. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems vol. 35 13–29 (2020) – 10.1109/tpwrs.2019.2925703
  • Crivellaro, A. et al. Beyond low-inertia systems: Massive integration of grid-forming power converters in transmission grids. 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM) (2020) doi:10.1109/pesgm41954.2020.9282031 – 10.1109/pesgm41954.2020.9282031
  • Rosso, R., Wang, X., Liserre, M., Lu, X. & Engelken, S. Grid-forming converters: an overview of control approaches and future trends. 2020 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (2020) doi:10.1109/ecce44975.2020.9236211 – 10.1109/ecce44975.2020.9236211
  • Pan, D., Wang, X., Liu, F. & Shi, R. Transient Stability of Voltage-Source Converters With Grid-Forming Control: A Design-Oriented Study. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics vol. 8 1019–1033 (2020) – 10.1109/jestpe.2019.2946310
  • Rosso, R., Engelken, S. & Liserre, M. Robust Stability Investigation of the Interactions Among Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Converters. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics vol. 8 991–1003 (2020) – 10.1109/jestpe.2019.2951091
  • Majumder, R. Some Aspects of Stability in Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems vol. 28 3243–3252 (2013) – 10.1109/tpwrs.2012.2234146
  • Tayyebi, A., Gross, D., Anta, A., Kupzog, F. & Dorfler, F. Frequency Stability of Synchronous Machines and Grid-Forming Power Converters. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics vol. 8 1004–1018 (2020) – 10.1109/jestpe.2020.2966524
  • Xiong, X., Wu, C., Hu, B., Pan, D. & Blaabjerg, F. Transient Damping Method for Improving the Synchronization Stability of Virtual Synchronous Generators. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics vol. 36 7820–7831 (2021) – 10.1109/tpel.2020.3046462