Steady-State Optimal Frequency Control for Lossy Power Grids with Distributed Communication
Authors
Lukas Kolsch, Kirtan Bhatt, Stefan Krebs, Soren Hohmann
Abstract
We present a distributed and price-based control approach for frequency regulation in power grids with nonzero line conductances. Both grid and controller are modeled as a port-Hamiltonian system, where the grid model consists of differential as well as algebraic equations. Simulations show that the resulting controller asymptotically stabilizes the frequency while maintaining minimum overall generation costs in steady state and being robust in terms of clock drifts and uncontrollable loads. Moreover, it is shown that active power sharing can be achieved by an appropriate choice of the cost function.
Citation
- Journal: 2019 1st International Conference on Electrical, Control and Instrumentation Engineering (ICECIE)
- Year: 2019
- Volume:
- Issue:
- Pages: 1–8
- Publisher: IEEE
- DOI: 10.1109/icecie47765.2019.8974715
BibTeX
@inproceedings{Kolsch_2019,
title={{Steady-State Optimal Frequency Control for Lossy Power Grids with Distributed Communication}},
DOI={10.1109/icecie47765.2019.8974715},
booktitle={{2019 1st International Conference on Electrical, Control and Instrumentation Engineering (ICECIE)}},
publisher={IEEE},
author={Kolsch, Lukas and Bhatt, Kirtan and Krebs, Stefan and Hohmann, Soren},
year={2019},
pages={1--8}
}
References
- Mohsenian-Rad, A.-H., Wong, V. W. S., Jatskevich, J., Schober, R. & Leon-Garcia, A. Autonomous Demand-Side Management Based on Game-Theoretic Energy Consumption Scheduling for the Future Smart Grid. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 1, 320–331 (2010) – 10.1109/tsg.2010.2089069
- Trip, S., Bürger, M. & De Persis, C. An internal model approach to (optimal) frequency regulation in power grids with time-varying voltages. Automatica 64, 240–253 (2016) – 10.1016/j.automatica.2015.11.021
- Stegink, T. W., De Persis, C. & van der Schaft, A. J. Stabilization of Structure-Preserving Power Networks with Market Dynamics. IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, 6737–6742 (2017) – 10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1172
- Marano, A., Maza Ortega, J. M., Martínez Ramos, J. L. & Trebolle, D. Voltage control of active distribution networks by means of dispersed generation. CIRED 2012 Workshop: Integration of Renewables into the Distribution Grid 248–248 (2012) doi:10.1049/cp.2012.0829 – 10.1049/cp.2012.0829
- Stegink, T., De Persis, C. & van der Schaft, A. A Unifying Energy-Based Approach to Stability of Power Grids With Market Dynamics. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. 62, 2612–2622 (2017) – 10.1109/tac.2016.2613901
- machowski, Power System Dynamics Stability and Control (2012)
- beattie, Port-Hamiltonian descriptor systems (2017)
- van der Schaft, A. L2-Gain and Passivity Techniques in Nonlinear Control. Communications and Control Engineering (Springer International Publishing, 2017). doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49992-5 – 10.1007/978-3-319-49992-5
- Jokic, A., Lazar, M. & van den Bosch, P. On Constrained Steady-State Regulation: Dynamic KKT Controllers. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. 54, 2250–2254 (2009) – 10.1109/tac.2009.2026856
- Stegink, T. W., Persis, C. D. & van der Schaft, A. J. Port-Hamiltonian Formulation of the Gradient Method Applied to Smart Grids. IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, 13–18 (2015) – 10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.10.207
- colombino, Online optimization as a feedback controller Stability and tracking (2018)
- jokic, Price-Based Optimal Control of Electrical Power Systems (2007)
- Menta, S., Hauswirth, A., Bolognani, S., Hug, G. & Dorfler, F. Stability of Dynamic Feedback optimization with Applications to Power Systems. 2018 56th Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing (Allerton) 136–143 (2018) doi:10.1109/allerton.2018.8635640 – 10.1109/allerton.2018.8635640
- lawrence, The optimal steady-state control problem (2018)
- Zhao, C., Mallada, E., Low, S. H. & Bialek, J. Distributed plug-and-play optimal generator and load control for power system frequency regulation. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 101, 1–12 (2018) – 10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.03.014
- Mallada, E., Zhao, C. & Low, S. Optimal Load-Side Control for Frequency Regulation in Smart Grids. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr. 62, 6294–6309 (2017) – 10.1109/tac.2017.2713529
- Dorfler, F., Bolognani, S., Simpson-Porco, J. W. & Grammatico, S. Distributed Control and Optimization for Autonomous Power Grids. 2019 18th European Control Conference (ECC) 2436–2453 (2019) doi:10.23919/ecc.2019.8795974 – 10.23919/ecc.2019.8795974
- patnaik, Cyber-Physical Systems for Next-Generation Networks. IGI Global (2018)
- Kohler, J., Muller, M. A., Li, N. & Allgower, F. Real time economic dispatch for power networks: A distributed economic model predictive control approach. 2017 IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) 6340–6345 (2017) doi:10.1109/cdc.2017.8264615 – 10.1109/cdc.2017.8264615
- Monshizadeh, P., De Persis, C., Stegink, T., Monshizadeh, N. & van der Schaft, A. Stability and frequency regulation of inverters with capacitive inertia. 2017 IEEE 56th Annual Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) 5696–5701 (2017) doi:10.1109/cdc.2017.8264519 – 10.1109/cdc.2017.8264519
- schiffer, Stability and power sharing in microgrids (2015)