Morse families and Dirac systems
Authors
María Barbero Liñán, Hernán Cendra, Eduardo García Toraño, David Martín de Diego
Abstract
Dirac structures and Morse families are used to obtain a geometric formalism that unifies most of the scenarios in mechanics (constrained calculus, nonholonomic systems, optimal control theory, higher-order mechanics, etc.), as the examples in the paper show. This approach generalizes the previous results on Dirac structures associated with Lagrangian submanifolds. An integrability algorithm in the sense of Mendela, Marmo and Tulczyjew is described for the generalized Dirac dynamical systems under study to determine the set where the implicit differential equations have solutions.
Citation
- Journal: Journal of Geometric Mechanics
- Year: 2019
- Volume: 11
- Issue: 4
- Pages: 487–510
- Publisher: American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)
- DOI: 10.3934/jgm.2019024
BibTeX
@article{Barbero_Li_n_2019,
title={{Morse families and Dirac systems}},
volume={11},
ISSN={1941-4897},
DOI={10.3934/jgm.2019024},
number={4},
journal={Journal of Geometric Mechanics},
publisher={American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS)},
author={Barbero Liñán, María and Cendra, Hernán and García Toraño, Eduardo and Martín de Diego, David},
year={2019},
pages={487--510}
}References
- R. Abraham and J. Marsden, Foundations of Mechanics, Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc., Advanced Book Program, Reading, Mass., 1978.
- Arnold VI (ed) (1988) Dynamical Systems III. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg – 10.1007/978-3-662-02535-2
- Barbero-Liñán M, Cendra H, García-Toraño Andrés E, Martín de Diego D (2018) New insights in the geometry and interconnection of port-Hamiltonian systems. J Phys A: Math Theor 51(37):375201. https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/aad4ba – 10.1088/1751-8121/aad4ba
- Barbero-Lin͂án M, Ponte DI, MartÍn de Diego D (2015) Morse Families In Optimal Control Problems. SIAM J Control Optim 53(1):414–433. https://doi.org/10.1137/120903488 – 10.1137/120903488
- S. Bates and A. Weinstein, Lectures on the Geometry of Quantization, Berkeley Mathematics Lecture Notes, 8. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, Berkeley Center for Pure and Applied Mathematics, Berkeley, CA, 1997.
- Bursztyn H (2013) A brief introduction to Dirac manifolds. In: Geometric and Topological Methods for Quantum Field Theory. Cambridge University Press, pp 4–38 – 10.1017/cbo9781139208642.002
- Bursztyn H, Radko O (2003) Gauge equivalence of Dirac structures and symplectic groupoids. Annales de l’Institut Fourier 53(1):309–337. https://doi.org/10.5802/aif.1945 – 10.5802/aif.1945
- Carińena JF (1990) Theory of Singular Lagrangians. Fortschr Phys 38(9):641–679. https://doi.org/10.1002/prop.2190380902 – 10.1002/prop.2190380902
- Cendra H, Etchechoury M, Ferraro SJ (2014) An extension of the Dirac and Gotay-Nester theories of constraints for Dirac dynamical systems. JGM 6(2):167–236. https://doi.org/10.3934/jgm.2014.6.167 – 10.3934/jgm.2014.6.167
- H. Cendra, L. A. Ibort and J. E. Marsden, Horizontal Lin constraints, Clebsch potentials and variational principles on principal fiber bundles, XV International Colloquium on Group Theoretical Methods in Physics, World Sci. Publ., Teaneck, NJ, (1987), 446–450.
- Cendra H, Marsden JE (1987) Lin constraints, Clebsch potentials and variational principles. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena 27(1-2):63–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2789(87)90005-4 – 10.1016/0167-2789(87)90005-4
- H. Cendra, T. Ratiu and H. Yoshimura, Dirac-weinstein reduction, preprint, 2017.
- Cervera J, Schaft AJ, Baños A (2007) On composition of Dirac structures and its implications for control by interconnection. In: Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 55–63 – 10.1007/3-540-45802-6_5
- Cervera J, van der Schaft AJ, Baños A (2007) Interconnection of port-Hamiltonian systems and composition of Dirac structures. Automatica 43(2):212–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2006.08.014 – 10.1016/j.automatica.2006.08.014
- Cortés J, de León M, de Diego DM, Martínez S (2002) Geometric Description of Vakonomic and Nonholonomic Dynamics. Comparison of Solutions. SIAM J Control Optim 41(5):1389–1412. https://doi.org/10.1137/s036301290036817x – 10.1137/s036301290036817x
- Courant TJ (1990) Dirac manifolds. Trans Amer Math Soc 319(2):631–661. https://doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-1990-0998124-1 – 10.1090/s0002-9947-1990-0998124-1
- Dalsmo M, van der Schaft A (1998) On Representations and Integrability of Mathematical Structures in Energy-Conserving Physical Systems. SIAM J Control Optim 37(1):54–91. https://doi.org/10.1137/s0363012996312039 – 10.1137/s0363012996312039
- León M de, Marrero JC, de Diego DM (2010) Linearalmost Poisson structures and Hamilton-Jacobi equation. Applicationsto nonholonomic mechanics. JGM 2(2):159–198. https://doi.org/10.3934/jgm.2010.2.159 – 10.3934/jgm.2010.2.159
- M. de León and P. R. Rodrigues, Generalized Classical Mechanics and Field Theory. A Geometrical Approach of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formalisms Involving Higher Order Derivatives, North-Holland Mathematics Studies, 112. Notes on Pure Mathematics, 102. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1985.
- M. de León and P. Rodrigues, Methods of Differential Geometry in Analytical Mechanics, North-Holland Mathematics Studies, 158. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1989.
- Dirac PAM (1950) Generalized Hamiltonian Dynamics. Can j math 2:129–148. https://doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1950-012-1 – 10.4153/cjm-1950-012-1
- P. A. M. Dirac, Lectures on Quantum Mechanics, Belfer Graduate School of Science Monographs Series, 2. Belfer Graduate School of Science, New York, Produced and Distributed by Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1967.
- Dorfman IY (1987) Dirac structures of integrable evolution equations. Physics Letters A 125(5):240–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9601(87)90201-5 – 10.1016/0375-9601(87)90201-5
- Gotay MJ, Nester JM, Hinds G (1978) Presymplectic manifolds and the Dirac–Bergmann theory of constraints. Journal of Mathematical Physics 19(11):2388–2399. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.523597 – 10.1063/1.523597
- Grabowska K, Grabowski J (2011) Dirac algebroids in Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics. Journal of Geometry and Physics 61(11):2233–2253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2011.06.018 – 10.1016/j.geomphys.2011.06.018
- GRABOWSKA K, URBAŃSKI P, GRABOWSKI J (2006) GEOMETRICAL MECHANICS ON ALGEBROIDS. Int J Geom Methods Mod Phys 03(03):559–575. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219887806001259 – 10.1142/s0219887806001259
- Grabowski J, de León M, Marrero JC, Martín de Diego D (2009) Nonholonomic constraints: A new viewpoint. Journal of Mathematical Physics 50(1):013520. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3049752 – 10.1063/1.3049752
- Grabowski J, Urbański P (1999) Algebroids — general differential calculi on vector bundles. Journal of Geometry and Physics 31(2-3):111–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0393-0440(99)00007-8 – 10.1016/s0393-0440(99)00007-8
- Guillemin V, Sternberg S (1977) Geometric Asymptotics. American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island – 10.1090/surv/014
- E. Hairer, C. Lubich and G. Wanner, Geometric Numerical Integration. Structure-Preserving Algorithms for Ordinary Differential Equations, Springer Series in Computational Mathematics, 31. Springer, Heidelberg, 2010.
- Holm DD, Marsden JE, Ratiu TS (1998) The Euler–Poincaré Equations and Semidirect Products with Applications to Continuum Theories. Advances in Mathematics 137(1):1–81. https://doi.org/10.1006/aima.1998.1721 – 10.1006/aima.1998.1721
- Hörmander L (1971) Fourier integral operators. I. Acta Math 127(0):79–183. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02392052 – 10.1007/bf02392052
- Iglesias D, Marrero JC, Martín de Diego D, Sosa D (2008) Singular Lagrangian systems and variational constrained mechanics on Lie algebroids. Dynamical Systems 23(3):351–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/14689360802294220 – 10.1080/14689360802294220
- Jiménez F, Yoshimura H (2015) Dirac structures in vakonomic mechanics. Journal of Geometry and Physics 94:158–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2014.11.002 – 10.1016/j.geomphys.2014.11.002
- Leok M, Ohsawa T (2011) Variational and Geometric Structures of Discrete Dirac Mechanics. Found Comput Math 11(5):529–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-011-9096-2 – 10.1007/s10208-011-9096-2
- Libermann P, Marle C-M (1987) Symplectic Geometry and Analytical Mechanics. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht – 10.1007/978-94-009-3807-6
- Marsden JE, Ratiu TS (1999) Introduction to Mechanics and Symmetry. Springer New York, New York, NY – 10.1007/978-0-387-21792-5
- Marsden JE, West M (2001) Discrete mechanics and variational integrators. Acta Numerica 10:357–514. https://doi.org/10.1017/s096249290100006x – 10.1017/s096249290100006x
- Martínez E (2007) Lie Algebroids in Classical Mechanics and Optimal Control. SIGMA. https://doi.org/10.3842/sigma.2007.050 – 10.3842/sigma.2007.050
- Mendella G, Marmot G, Tulczyjew WM (1995) Integrability of implicit differential equations. J Phys A: Math Gen 28(1):149–163. https://doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/28/1/018 – 10.1088/0305-4470/28/1/018
- Parks H, Leok M (2017) Variational Integrators for Interconnected Lagrange–Dirac Systems. J Nonlinear Sci 27(5):1399–1434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-017-9364-7 – 10.1007/s00332-017-9364-7
- L. S. Pontryagin, V. G. Boltyanskiĭ, R. V. Gamkrelidze and E. F. Mishchenko, Selected Works. Vol. 4. The mathematical Theory of Optimal Processes, Classics of Soviet Mathematics, Gordon & Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1986.
- W. M. Tulczyjew, Les sous-variétés lagrangiennes et la dynamique hamiltonienne, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. A-B, 283 (1976), Ai, A15–A18.
- W. M. Tulczyjew., Les sous-variétés lagrangiennes et la dynamique lagrangienne, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. A-B, 283 (1976), Av, A675–A678.
- Weinstein A (1971) Symplectic manifolds and their lagrangian submanifolds. Advances in Mathematics 6(3):329–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-8708(71)90020-x – 10.1016/0001-8708(71)90020-x
- A. Weinstein, Lectures on Symplectic Manifolds, CBMS Regional Conference Series in Mathematics, 29. American Mathematical Society, Providence, R.I., 1979.
- Yoshimura H, Marsden JE (2006) Dirac structures in Lagrangian mechanics Part I: Implicit Lagrangian systems. Journal of Geometry and Physics 57(1):133–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2006.02.009 – 10.1016/j.geomphys.2006.02.009
- Yoshimura H, Marsden JE (2006) Dirac structures in Lagrangian mechanics Part II: Variational structures. Journal of Geometry and Physics 57(1):209–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2006.02.012 – 10.1016/j.geomphys.2006.02.012